宝鸡市创新农村信息服务模式初探

加快农业发展方式转变，促进农业转型升级，是摆在农业部门面前紧迫而艰巨的任务。根据农业发展方式转变的内涵，论述了转变农业发展方式对农村信息服务的新要求，对如何构建全市新型农村信息服务模式做了深度分析，提出了可操作性对策与建议。     

四川香樟人工林生长特性研究

对四川香樟树高、胸径、材积生长规律研究结果表明：香樟生长适应性较强,27 a树高平均可达15.80 m,胸径可达35.1 cm,材积可达0.6790 m3;香樟造林初期生长相对较缓慢,在10 a～12 a时树高和胸径连年生长量到达峰值,之后开始下降但仍保持较高的年生长量;材积连年生长量和平均生长量随着树龄的增大而呈持续增长趋势,27a时,仍维持较快的增长速度;Logistic曲线对香樟树高、胸径和材积生长动态有较好的拟合效果,其回归方程分别为：y=35.4356/（1＋11.59×e-0.1942x）,y=16.429/（1＋12.6749×e-0.1906x）,y=0.9639/（1＋107.5×e-0.2043x）。     

园林专业人才培养模式与课程体系的构建

根据高职教育特点与园林行业用人需求，从专业调研入手，分析了园林工程技术专业的岗位及其对能力需求的特点，确定了“工学结合，二二一一全程在岗，公司＋项目＋服务＋工作组”的人才培养模式，对职业能力进行分析，构建园林专业“四大平台”教学体系，实现“基础宽、实践能力强、综合素质高、专门技能特”的人才培养。     

整地方式对杂种落叶松生长的影响

以4种整地方式下杂种落叶松试验林为研究对象,建立固定观测样地48块,连续观测地径、苗高和胸径生长,采用方差分析等研究方法,研究整地方式对杂种落叶松生长的影响,结果表明:杂种落叶松幼龄期间的地径及苗高生长,高台和穴状两种整地方式较好,另外两种整地方式差些;揭草皮方式在杂种落叶松幼龄时对其苗高生长及地径的作用不明显,但随着幼树的生长,效果越来越显著;在杂种落叶松11龄时,穴状与揭草皮两种整地方式下的平均胸径较大;杂种落叶松4种整地方式对生长的作用效果穴状揭草皮高台现整现造。     

FLOODING STRESS: The Effects of Planting Pattern and Water Regime on Root Morphology,Physiology and Grain Yield of Rice

Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons to investigate the effects of variations in water regime and planting pattern on the growth of rice plant roots and shoots and on yield. Four water regimes were evaluated with split plot design: intermittent flooding during the vegetative stage only (IF‐V); intermittent flooding extending into the reproductive stage (IF‐R); not flooded (NF); and continuously flooded (CF), interacting with three different planting patterns: single seedling per hill with wider 30 × 30 cm spacing (P1); single seedling per hill with closer 20 × 20 cm spacing (P2); and three to four seedlings per hill with 20 × 20 cm spacing (P3). The treatment combination CF/P3 corresponds most closely with current conventional practice. The other combinations were evaluated to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of the two parameters studied, respectively and together. IF‐V/P1 was considered as an approximation of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) practice. This study found that the combination of singly transplanted seedlings, both P1 and P2, with the IF‐V water regime improved root length density, root physiological activity, and chlorophyll content of the upper and lower leaves, leading to higher grain yield compared with the other treatment combinations. With continuous flooding (CF), P2 gave 23 % more yield compared with the P3 planting pattern. Combining IF‐V and P2 produced 32 % more grain yield compared with the CF/P3 treatment. These results showed a synergistic effect on grain yield from reduced intra‐hill competition and IF‐V water management. In these trials, there was no significant yield difference between the IF‐V/P1 and CF/P3 treatments. Wider spacing improved the performance of individual hills when grown under IF‐V water regimes, but tiller number per unit area remained a dominant determinant of yield. The yield reduction observed for CF/P1 compared with CF/P3 indicated that in more hypoxic CF soils, denser plant populations can produce more than sparser ones, whereas the latter benefit from more aerobic soil conditions. Intermittent irrigation during the vegetative growth stage and transplanting single seedlings/hill are major elements of SRI methodology. These findings contribute to an understanding of why SRI methods can produce the higher yields reported. A consideration of the effects of interaction between planting pattern and water regime shows the need to establish empirically the optimum values for these treatments according to varietal, soil and climatic characteristics for the greatest yield response.     

Observations of flow patterns in a model of a marine fish larvae rearing tank

There are few studies on flow fields generated by aerators in fish larvae rearing tanks. The flow varies with aeration rates and tank proportions resulting in different larvae survival rates. The effects of aeration rate and aspect ratio AR (the ratio of liquid depth to tank radius) on overall flow patterns were investigated experimentally using flow visualization techniques. Two distinct types of flow patterns, a single-pair vortex system and a two-pair vortex system, were observed as the value of tank aspect ratio varied from about 1.0 to 2.0. In addition, corner vortex structures were observed in both the region between the free surface and the upper sidewall, and between the bottom wall and the lower sidewall of the tank. On the sidewall, reattachment and separation points were found, which were closely related with these vortex structures.     

车筒竹地上生物量分配格局及秆形特征

为评价大型丛生竹种车筒竹Bambusa sinospinosa作为板材原料的适宜性，以毛竹Phyllostachys pubescens为参比竹种，研究了车筒竹地上生物量分配格局及秆形特征。结果表明：车筒竹地上各器官中，竹秆的生物量比例最大，占72.7%，其次为竹枝（15.9）和竹叶（11.4%）；秆形特征主要分析了胸径、秆高、秆质量、尖削度和竹壁厚等参数，其中，车筒竹全高（y/m）对胸径（x/cm）拟合的直线方程为y = 1.345 6x + 1.706 8（R² = 0.954 6，P = 0.000 0）。与毛竹相比，在胸径小于8 cm时，车筒竹全高比毛竹略小，而随着胸径的增大，全高逐渐大于毛竹；车筒竹秆鲜质量（y/kg）对胸径（x/cm）拟合的幂函数曲线为y = 0.138 2x^{2.481 2}（R² = 0.975 5，P = 0.002 2），大于相同胸径下的毛竹秆质量；从秆径和壁厚在竹秆纵向部位的变化看，车筒竹尖削度小于毛竹，而壁厚变化则相对较快。综合分析来看，车筒竹作为竹板材原料竹种具有较大的开发前景。图5表3参21     

Genetic Diversity and Global Distribution of Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） Strains

Citrus tristeza virus （CTV）, the most devastating viral pathogen in citrus, causes tremendous economic losses to citrus industry worldwide. The CTV isolates exhibit variable pathogenicities on their ho...     

Prediction of daily reference evapotranspiration by a multiple regression method based on weather forecast data

Prediction of daily reference evapotranspiration (ET ₀) is the basis of real-time irrigation scheduling. A multiple regression method for ET ₀ prediction based on its seasonal variation pattern and public weather forecast data was presented for application in East China. The forecasted maximum temperature (T _max), minimum temperature (T _min) and weather condition index (WCI) were adopted to calculate the correction coefficient by multilinear regression under five time-division regimes (10 days, monthly, seasonal, semi-annual and annual). The multiple regression method was tested for its feasibility for ET ₀ prediction using forecasted weather data as the input, and the monthly regime was selected as the most suitable. Average absolute error (AAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.395 and 0.522 mm d^?1, respectively. ET ₀ prediction errors increased linearly with the increase in temperature prediction error. A temperature error within 3 K is likely to result in acceptable ET ₀ predictions, with AAE and average absolute relative error (AARE) <0.142 mm d^?1 and 5.8%, respectively. However, one rank error in WCI results in a much larger error in ET ₀ prediction due to the high sensitivity of the correction coefficient to WCI and the large relative error in WCI caused by one rank deviation. Improving the accuracy of weather forecasts, especially for WCI prediction, is helpful in obtaining better estimations of ET ₀ based on public weather data.     

辽宁小麦种植方式现状及发展

目前辽宁省以小麦为前茬的麦复粮油菜种植技术有了很大的发展，８０：８０、８０：１００、８０：１２０的米麦间复套种成为主要的种植方式。为了争取农时并获得全年增产，应改革播种技术，解决间复套种与农业机械的配合问题。今后还应加强复种技术的研究，加强中早熟作物品种的选育工作，以解决辽宁省麦粮复种下茬作物产量较低的问题。